CONTRADICTIONS TO NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION BY NATURAL EVIDENCE
OR
CONSTANT VELOCITY AT NET
FORCE ZERO
V/S
UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION AT
NET FORCE ZERO
Arun Gathoria 738, Sarafa Jabalpur,
India.
email:
astroarungathoria@rediffmail.com, ph: 09300299908
Consider a body on which no net force acts. If the body is at rest,
it will remain at rest .If the body is moving with constant velocity, it will
continue to do so.
On
analysis of above stated Newton’s first law of motion it may be classified in
two parts: first resting inertia and second is kinetic inertia. In resting
inertia, the body remains at rest at net force zero which may be generalized as
rest without force, while in Kinetic inertia, the body remains in constant
velocity at net force zero which may be generalized as motion without force.
We know that force is a
vector quantity that has both magnitude and direction. In a graphical expression
of a net vector zero, magnitude and its direction both gets disappear. While
in constant motion there is a straight direction, then how it can be claimed
that a force of zero magnitude is acting in it? Therefore, the concept of
constant motion in straight line at net force zero is totally a baseless
concept.
The theme of the first law
of motion is based on an assumption that there is no external force in the
vacuum of distant space (see ref: Physics by Resnik / Halliday / Krane (4th
Edition-1994, Page-78; Para fourth line 5 & 6) and all the stars are moving
with a very constant velocity. So great scientist Galileo developed the idea of
first law of motion and Newton gave it mathematics that a constant motion takes
place only in the condition of net zero force. But today scientists know very
well that electromagnetism is a fundamental force of the Universe with a range
of infinite (µ) (see reference: Physics by Resnik / Halliday / Krane (4th
Edition-1994, Page-1191 table 1). It is an eternal force found throughout
the universe, hence it may not be limited under the terms of until and unless
mentioned in the following definition of first law of motion:-
An object in a state of
rest or in constant motion in a straight direction will remain as it is, until
and unless an external force is applied on it.
As, the electromagnetic force is an
eternal force of the Universe and it induces a braking force in moving
astronomical bodies which resists their motion as per Lenz's law of
electromagnetism ( see reference: Physics by Resnik / Halliday / Krane ,4th
Edition-1994, Page-815 Para 3, line 7-11).. Therefore it is not possible for
astronomical bodies to move at net zero force (a motion without force) in
presence of above well-proved braking force. The motion of any astronomical body
is possible only in presence of an eternal overcoming force. Indeed, constant
motion of the astronomical bodies is a consequence of electromagnetically
induced braking force and an overcoming force which has not been discovered so
far. What is that eternal overcoming force? What is it's magnitude and
nature that all have also being discovered by myself and very soon by the
end of year 2008, we will say good bye to Newton's first law of motion from
fundamental Physics and the vacuum created by such a way, shall be fulfilled by
the Physics of the overcoming force which is indeed a very eternal fundamental
force of the Universe.
Conclusion: -
It is well clear from the
above description that the definition of vector Quantity/ zero vector and
concept of magnetic braking and overcoming forces has brought the Newton's first
law of motion within fallacy. As the classical mechanics (motion under central
force) and Einstein's special and general theories of relativity, these all are
the products of Newton's first law of motion, therefore these all the products
are also within fallacy. Although, the Author has contradicted these all
products individually by mathematics and natural evidences.
Contradiction to classical mechanics:
Historically, Galileo developed the concept of motion without force and Newton
gave mathematics to his concept that in a constant motion, in a straight line,
an object remains at net force zero. Although, this mathematical statement is
not consistent with the definition of vector quantity/ net vector zero however,
if we consider the same as correct statement, it immediately gets disapproved /
contradicted authentically by a mathematical / practical model of an object
freely suspended in mid air (unconstrained) in a room.
Gravity
(+mg) is a field force acting on the object GSS in downward direction and
magnetic repulsion (- mg) which is also a field force acting on the same object
in upward direction. Both the field forces follow the inverse squares law.
Therefore, the point where these forces equalizes each other object GSS
remains freely suspended in mid air at net force zero ( as per law of
Equilibrium in mechanics ). This freely mid air suspended object
GSS is in rest because it is in angular motion along with the earth with same
angular velocity. Therefore, in 24 hours it makes a free round trajectory in
respect to the central axis of the earth which is counted at rest
mathematically.
The free round trajectory in classical mechanics, is formed by a central force
mechanism acting on an object in kinetic inertia (motion without force).
Indeed classical mechanics is made of two concepts, first motion without force
in straight direction and second, circular motion under central force acting on
the object already moving without force in straight direction. While
practically we have a free round trajectory of an object GSS·
in circular motion at net force zero as a natural evidence, then there is
no option other than to consider the existing classical mechanics as a fake
mechanics.
PRIME FACIE EVIDENCE AS A REAL WORK DONE AND MATHEMATICAL DETERMINATION OF
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE: A REAL FORCE OF THE NATURE
OR
A
REAL WORK DONE BY THE CENTRIFUGAL FORCE: A REAL FORCE OF THE NATURE
Arun Gathoria, 738, Sarafa Jabalpur, India.
E-MAIL: astroarungathoria@rediffmail.comPH:09300299908
This research work is
fully based on following postulates :-
-
An effect follows
the cause in lock step.
-
A real force
performs a real work done.
Centrifugal Force is a
real force which gets generated to act upon particle in circular motion,
out-words from the centre of circular path. Its magnitude is equal to the
magnitude of centripetal force and its direction is opposite to the centripetal
force.
Centrifugal force as a "real"
force may be understood by an experiment in two parts:-
(i) Part-I
- Two dimensional event Fig. 1 Work done by a variable force : Two –
dimensional case.( see ref.1)
(ii) Part-II
- Three dimensional event. Fig. 3 Swinging pendulum (conical Pendulum).
Part-I – Two Dimensional
Event: In
this part a horizontal force P acting on a particle "m" may vary in direction as
well as in magnitude and the particle may move along a curved path.( see
refer.1)
A small object of mass
"m" is suspended from a string of length L. The object is pulled sideways by a
force "P" that is always horizontal until the string finally makes angle
q
with the vertical. The displacement is accomplished so slowly that we may regard
the system as being in equilibrium during the process.
In the free body diagram
in fig. 2 the cord makes an angle q
with the vertical and by applying the Newton's second law the vector analysis is
as follows:
X
Component T sin q
– 'P' = 0 (Zero) ........................(1)
Y
Component – T cos q
– mg = 0 (Zero) ...................(2)
T = Tension (as a
force)
Since force P acts only in horizontal direction therefore
the work done by P is
Wp = mgh
By applying galileon
concept of "cause & effect" we observe the following three effects by a
horizontal force "P" as a cause –
(1)
Formation
of an angle “q”
(2)
Displacement “d” of mass m in horizontal plane.
(3)
Gain of
work done "mgh" against gravity ( “m” gains the height “h”).
After observing above
three effects, now horizontal force P is withdrawn from the system and mass “m”
regains its initial vertically suspended position.
Part-II (Fig. three) Three
Dimensional Event: (Swinging pendulum). Now object ‘m’ suspended vertically
is allowed circular motion about a point. The force given to the circular motion
is increased successively. As a result of this, an angle “q”,
radius “r” and gain of work done "mgh" against gravity are observed in the
system in equilibrium. These are the same effects which we have already observed
in two dimensional events in Fig. 1 as effects of horizontal force "P".
Therefore in three dimensional event of swinging pendulum, these three
observations as effects confirms that the horizontal force "P" is existing
naturally as a real force in this system and along the circular path this
horizontal force "P" becomes radial one as a real centrifugal force acting on
the object "m".
In three dimensional
event of swinging pendulum, the vector analysis of the forces in free body
diagram (see fig.2) is the same as has been given in
two dimensional event
of part-I. Therefore free body diagrams of mass "m" of part-I and part-II are
the same (Fig. 2).
In equilibrium in
Part-II event, from the equation "1" in vector analysis diagram:
T sinq — P = 0 (Zero)
It confirms that in
circular motion in swinging pendulum centripetal force " T sin
q" equalizes real centrifugal force "P" and object
remains at net force (0) (Zero) radially, in equilibrium (no force remains for
circular motion). Then what force is responsible for circular motion that is a
subject matter of angular mechanics and new laws of Motion discovered by
the same author given on forth coming pages.
D'Alemburt Principle
& Centrifugal Force: (see refer.2) Author claims this principle as
very clever principles as it describe the real centrifugal force as a
pseudo/imaginary/fictitious force. In D'Alemburt principle, no responsible
factor has been considered for the formation of “q”
angle, radius “r” and gain of "mgh" against gravity by the object “m” in
circular motion in conical pendulum. Therefore, this principle does not have any
option other than to consider the real centrifugal force as a
pseudo/imaginary/fictitious force and to keep the centripetal force as a
responsible factor for circular motion.
"Prediction based on the
equation 1 and 2 in two dimensional even"
in equilibrium – equation 1 and 2 predict that an analogy of
geostationary satellite may be developed in a room by a object suspended in mid
air at net force zero by applying a counter field force just against the
direction of field force of the gravity (Fig. 4 on 6th page) and the
analogy has been successfully fruitful. Such object on the one hand remains at
net force zero in static equilibrium while on the other it remains in circular
motion along with the earth with same angular velocity (see fig.5)
Conclusion
1. It is clear from
above text that following identical characters in Part I & II events
conform the existence of centrifugal force as a real force in circular
motion:-
(1)
Formation
of angle “q”
(2)
Horizontal
gain of displacement "d"/radius "r".
(3)
Gain of
work done "mgh" against gravity.
(4)
Free body
diagram of mass "m".
Indeed above
four findings are the Prime facie evidences of centrifugal force in circular
motion in a conical pendulum.
2 Centrifugal force as a
real force has a magnitude equal to the magnitude of centripetal force and its
direction is opposite to that of centripetal one.
3 In equilibrium the
real centrifugal force equalizes the centripetal force therefore no specific
equation of centrifugal force is required. Equation of centripetal force with
minus (–) sign may be used as a equation of centrifugal force. e.g. –GMm/r2
in case of determination of the weightlessness of the geostationary
satellite. In Geostationary satellite the force of gravity + GMm/r2
as a centripetal force is equalized by a real centrifugal force - GMm/r2
, this equalization results in weightlessness, then what force is
responsible for orbital motion of the satellite in the space that has been
discovered by the same author in his further research papers.
4. Source of centrifugal
force is a subject matter of angular mechanics and new laws of the motion
discovered by the same author and is described in the fourth coming research
paper of the same. This development calls for a total revision of total
fundamental physics immediately.
References
-
Physics by
Resnick, Haliday and Krane, Physics, vol. 1, V Edn., p.137/138, John Wiley
and Sons, Singapore (1994).
-
Engineering
Mechanics by MERIUAM & KRAIGE 4th Edn. P.246/247 John Wiley and
Sons, Singapore.
FIGURE
4
The Photograph of
a magnetic disk levitating over a super Conducting Material.
(It is the analogy
of Geostationary satellite, (GSS), magnetic disk is suspended in mid air at net
force zero in static equilibrium. Gravitational force (+mg) acting on the
magnetic disk., is equalized by repulsive magnetic field force (-mg).
GSS
